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Intersectionality in Amitav Ghosh’s Ibis Trilogy: A Postcolonial Feminist Reading
Seema Wasim, Research Scholar,Prof. Dr. Shakibur Rahman Khan, Netaji Subhas University, Jamshedpur.
Pages: 1-10 | First Published: 10 Jul 2026
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Abstract

This paper examines the intersections of caste, class, race, and gender in the Ibis Trilogy through a postcolonial feminist framework. Focusing on Sea of Poppies, River of Smoke, and Flood of Fire, the study analyses how Amitav Ghosh represents marginalised individuals negotiating colonial oppression and patriarchal structures in the nineteenth-century Indian Ocean world. The paper argues that the trilogy foregrounds the experiences of subaltern women such as Deeti and Paulette, whose identities are shaped simultaneously by caste discrimination, economic exploitation, racial hierarchies, and gendered violence. Drawing upon the theories of Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Homi K. Bhabha, and Kimberlé Crenshaw, this article explores how Ghosh reconstructs colonial history from below by centring displaced labourers, coolies, sailors, and women excluded from dominant historiography. The paper further demonstrates that the ship Ibis functions as a liminal and transformative space where rigid social categories are simultaneously challenged and reproduced. Through multilingualism, maritime mobility, and transnational encounters, the trilogy interrogates colonial power and exposes the interconnected structures of domination that shaped the colonial world. Ultimately, the study establishes that the Ibis Trilogy redefines postcolonial historiography by integrating feminist and subaltern perspectives into narratives of empire, migration, and globalisation.

Keywords: Intersectionality, Postcolonial Feminism, Subalternity, Caste, Race, Gender, Amitav Ghosh, Ibis Trilogy, Colonialism

References

  1. Bahadur, Gaiutra. Coolie Woman: The Odyssey of Indenture. University of Chicago Press, 2013.

  2. Bhabha, Homi K. The Location of Culture. Routledge, 1994.

  3. Clifford, James. Routes: Travel and Translation in the Late Twentieth Century. Harvard UP, 1997.

  4. Crenshaw, Kimberlé. “Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color.” Stanford Law Review, vol. 43, no. 6, 1991, pp. 1241–1299.

  5. Ghosh, Amitav. Flood of Fire. Penguin, 2015. River of Smoke. Penguin, 2011. Sea of Poppies. Penguin, 2008.

  6. Hofmeyr, Isabel. “The Black Atlantic Meets the Indian Ocean: Forging New Paradigms of Transnationalism for the Global South.” Social Dynamics, vol. 33, no. 2, 2007, pp. 3–32.

  7. Kertzer, Jon. “Amitav Ghosh’s zubben: Confluence of Languages in the Ibis Trilogy.” Journal of Postcolonial Writing, vol. 54, no. 2, 2018, pp. 187–199.

  8. Mishra, Vijay. The Literature of the Indian Diaspora: Theorizing the Diasporic Imaginary. Routledge, 2007.

  9. Mohan, Anupama. “Maritime Transmodernities and The Ibis Trilogy.” Postcolonial Text, vol. 14, no. 3–4, 2019.

  10. Mukherjee, Meenakshi. “History and Representation in Amitav Ghosh’s Fiction.” The Perishable Empire: Essays on Indian Writing in English, Oxford UP, 2000, pp. 197–223.

  11. Sarkar, Barnali. “Murderous Ritual versus Devotional Custom: The Rhetoric and Ritual of Sati and Women’s Subjectivity in Amitav Ghosh’s Sea of Poppies.” Humanities, vol. 3, no. 3, 2014, pp. 283–298.

  12. Sekar, Sindhu. “The Subaltern in the Ibis Trilogy.” The Explicator, vol. 80, no. 1–2, 2022, pp. 65–68.

  13. Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. “Can the Subaltern Speak?” Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture, edited by Cary Nelson and Lawrence Grossberg, University of Illinois Press, 1988, pp. 271–313.

The Psychological Impact on Sedentary Behaviour Using Deep-Learning
S. Anandanarayanan ; S. Thirumaran
Pages: 11-17 | First Published: 05 Jul 2026
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Abstract

Sedentary behaviour is a health risk independent of age, population, sex, or clinical condition. Identification highlights a negative association of overlong sedentary time, and patterns of sedentary time, with cardio-metabolic risk bio­markers and health outcomes. This paper discuss the correlates of sedmentaty behaviour for various age person on impact psychological problem in health.

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