Abstract
The rapid expansion of digital learning environments (DLEs) in India—through Learning Management Systems (LMS), virtual classrooms, MOOCs, and mobile learning apps—has transformed how students engage with education. While digital platforms have enhanced flexibility and access, research increasingly documents mixed effects on student psychological well-being, including stress, anxiety, fatigue, and feelings of isolation This paper develops a conceptual framework that links characteristics of DLEs with student psychological well-being in Indian educational institutions, using an empirical logic and Indian-focused evidence base. Drawing on primary data (illustrative cross-sectional survey of university and college students) and extensive secondary literature, the paper examines how digital learning design, academic workload, techno-stress, social connectedness, perceived control, and digital well-being behaviours jointly influence outcomes such as perceived stress, emotional exhaustion, life satisfaction, and positive functioning Self-Determination Theory and the Job Demands–Resources model provide the primary theoretical lenses. The proposed framework positions DLE features as contextual demands and resources that shape students’ cognitive, emotional, and behavioural responses. An outline of an empirical methodology (sampling, measurement tools, and data analysis plan) is presented to operationalise the framework in Indian higher education contexts. The paper argues that institutions must intentionally design DLEs that support autonomy, competence, relatedness, and digital boundaries to protect and enhance psychological well-being, rather than treating technology as a neutral delivery tool. Implications are drawn for educational psychologists, academic leaders, instructional designers, and policymakers seeking to embed mental health-sensitive design into digital education strategies.
Keywords: digital learning environments, psychological well-being, online learning, Indian students, educational psychology, mental health
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